Islamic Finance فەرهەنگی زاراوەکان for تریدەر
The عەرەبی مەرجەکان used throughout this hub — defined precisely, with their relevance to فۆرێکس and trading.
ڕیبا
Any guaranteed return on lent money, or compensation for the time value of money. The most universally prohibited element in دارایی ئیسلامی. Two subtypes: riba al-nasiah (interest on delayed payment) and riba al-fadl (excess in commodity exchange). فۆرێکس overnight swaps fall under riba al-nasiah.
غەرەر
Excessive uncertainty in a contract — uncertainty about the existence of the subject matter, the price, the delivery, or the counterparty's obligations. Minor gharar is tolerated (تۆ can کڕین fish that haven't been caught yet لە a fisherman in some interpretations). Major gharar invalidates a contract. CFDs sit in چالاک debate because the underlying is referenced rather than owned.
قیمار / مەیسیر
Pure speculation where the outcome depends on chance, with no productive economic basis. Scholars distinguish this لە analytical trading with risk management. The line: trading with a written strategy, position sizing, and risk control is commerce; revenge trading on hunches with maximum leverage is qimar.
موباح
An action that is permissible — neither encouraged nor discouraged. The default category. مامەڵە, commerce, partnership, and currency exchange are all classically mubah.
مشتبهات
Matters where the halal/haram ruling is unclear — where scholars genuinely disagree or where the structure is novel. The prophetic guidance: "Whoever leaves what is doubtful for what is not, has protected his religion." Many derivative instruments fall here.
بەیع السەرف
گرێبەستی کلاسیکی ئیسلامی بۆ ئاڵوگۆڕی دراو بە دراوێکی تر. بە مەرج ڕێگەپێدراوە: ئاڵوگۆڕی دەست بە دەست، نەبوونی پاشەکەوتی دراو، و نەبوونی سوود. The historical basis used to argue that spot فۆرێکس is permissible if those conditions are preserved.
تەقابود
The condition that both parties to a currency exchange must take possession at the moment of contract. In modern interpretation, electronic settlement is widely accepted as the equivalent — the trade hits your هەژمار immediately. T+2 interbank settlement is debated.
حەلال
Permitted by Islamic law. The opposite of haram. Applies to actions, foods, contracts, and earnings. In finance: a transaction structured in compliance with Shariah principles.
حەرام
Prohibited by Islamic law. In finance: any contract involving riba, major gharar, qimar, or dealing with haram industries (pork, alcohol, weapons for unjust use, conventional gambling, conventional insurance, etc.).
مەکروه
Discouraged but not forbidden. A category between halal and haram. Some scholars place certain forms of speculation here — not strictly prohibited, but to be avoided where possible.
فەتوا
A formal legal opinion issued by a qualified scholar (mufti) on a specific matter. Not law in the secular sense — it is the scholar's judgment based on Qur'an, hadith, and jurisprudential method. Different scholars can issue different fatwas on the same پرسیار.
زەکات
خێری ساڵانەی واجب، یەکێک لە پێنج بنەمای ئیسلام. ٢.٥٪ لە سامانی سەرەوەی نیساب کە ساڵێکی مانگی بەسەردا تێپەڕیوە. بۆ سەرمایەی بازرگانی و قازانجی هاتووە بەرکار. See our zakat guide.
نیساب
The minimum wealth threshold above which zakat becomes obligatory. Benchmarked to the value of either 85g of زێڕ (زیاتر conservative threshold) or 595g of silver (زیاتر inclusive). Most contemporary scholars use the بنچینەی زیو for personal zakat.
حەول
مەرجی ئەوەی سامان بۆ ساڵێکی تەواوی مانگی لەسەر نیساب یان زیاتر بمێنێتەوە تا زەکات واجب بێت. بازرگانە چالاکەکان typically pick a fixed annual date (often the beginning of Ramadan) and calculate based on the balance on that date, provided the aggregate remained above nisab through the year.
سوکووک
دارایی ئیسلامی equivalent of bonds — but structured as ownership certificates in real assets rather than as debt instruments. Returns come لە profit-sharing or rental, not interest. Mentioned because sukuk are the halal alternative for fixed-income investors who would otherwise hold conventional bonds.
مورابەحە
فرۆشتنێکە کە فرۆشیار تێچووی کاڵاکە و هامشی قازانجی ڕێککەوتوو ئاشکرا دەکات. لە بانکی ئیسلامیدا وەک جێگرەوەی حەڵاڵ بۆ قەرزی سووددار بەکاردێت. Not directly relevant to فۆرێکس trading but commonly encountered in دارایی ئیسلامی discussions.
موزارەبە
A partnership where one party provides capital and the هیتر provides labor or expertise. Profits are split per pre-agreed ratio. زیانەکان are borne by the capital provider unless the worker is negligent. The Islamic model for fund management.
AAOIFI
Bahrain-based standard-setting body for دارایی ئیسلامی. Publishes Shariah standards that are widely referenced by Islamic banks, sukuk issuers, and Shariah supervisory boards. Their standards on currency trading (FAS 1 and related) are commonly cited in scholarly discussions of فۆرێکس.
مەزهەب
The four main Sunni schools (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali) and the Shia schools (Ja'fari being the largest). Each has its own methodological approach to deriving rulings. On contemporary financial questions, contemporary scholars within each school have produced different rulings. Knowing your madhhab is the starting point for determining your applicable opinion on فۆرێکس.
فیقهـ
Islamic jurisprudence — the human discipline of deriving practical rulings لە the primary sources (Qur'an and Sunnah). "فیقهـ al-muamalat" is the branch dealing with financial transactions. Distinct لە Shariah itself, which is the divine source.
ئیجتیهاد
The process by which qualified scholars derive نوێ rulings on matters not directly addressed in classical sources. Modern financial instruments require ijtihad because they did not exist when the classical fiqh literature was written. The variation in scholarly opinions on فۆرێکس reflects different ijtihad on the same novel structure.